ABSTRACT
Shengxiantang， one of the classical traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） prescriptions， was developed by ZHANG Xi-chun， a well-known doctor in the Republic of China， to treat the syndrome of pectoral Qi sinking. Due to the unique herbal composition， this prescription has yielded remarkable outcomes， and it is still widely used for dealing with diseases of various systems. This paper reviewed the clinical research concerning Shengxiantang in order to provide reference for its clinical application. Following the retrieval of related articles published in the past ten years from China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform， Chongqing Weipu Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals （VIP）， and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） with the Chinese key words of “Shengxiantang （升陷汤）”， “sinking of pectoral Qi （大气下陷）”， “replenishing Qi and raising the sinking （益气升陷）”， and“pectoral Qi theory （大气理论）”， this paper collated the clinical application experience of Shengxiantang. To be specific， the corresponding etiology and pathogenesis， interpretations of Shengxiantang， as well as its indications， application experience and precautions were summarized to provide a basis for its further research and application. Based on the collected more than 50 representative articles， it was found that Shengxiantang has been extensively utilized for treating complex and critical diseases of various systems， especially the circulatory and respiratory diseases and organ prolapse. The research on the clinical application of Shengxiantang has deepened， exhibiting a promising development trend， which will provide new ideas for its clinical application.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of the domestic surgical robot in clinical applications.METHODS: From March 2014 to January 2019, 103 domestic robot-assisted laparoscopic surgeries were performed in Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The clinical features, operation and postoperative results were collected and analyzed. The patients were followed up for 1 month. RESULTS: Among 103 cases, 2 cases(2%) trasfered to open surgery. Two patients(2%) required intraoperative blood transfusion and no postoperative blood transfusion. Intraoperative complications occurred in 2 cases(2%) which were bladder injury and ureteral injury respectively. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 cases(2%) which were anastomotic leakage and pelvic infection. There was no reoperation during hospitalization. All patients were discharged smoothly. There were no re-admissions and deaths within 30 days after surgery. CONCLUSION: Domestic surgical robots are safe and feasible in clinical applications,which needs further verified by multicenter, randomized controlled trials.
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Objective To investigate the changes of morphological structures and biomechanical properties of scleral tissues in rabbits at different month ages. Methods The eyeballs of 1, 2 and 3 month-old New Zealand white rabbits were obtained for measuring the diameter and axial length, and the thickness of scleral tissues. Part of the scleral tissues was used to observe scleral structures with HE staining, some other part was used to observe collagen fibrils by electron microscope, and the left part were cut into strips and used to test the elastic modulus of the sclera on Instron 5544 system. Results The diameter, axial length of eyeballs and the thickness of the sclera were increased with month age. The elastic modulus of scleral tissues was also increased with month age. The numbers of scleral fibroblasts were decreased and the numbers of fiber bundles were increased with month age. The diameters of collagen fibrils were increased with month age. Conclusions In the post-embryonic stages, the structures of eyeball and sclera are changed continually, with growing numbers of thicker collagen fibers, and the biomechanical properties of scleral tissues are improved correspondingly. The mechanism of post-embryonic development in sclera is further explained in the study, which can provide theoretical guidance for prevention of sclera-related diseases.
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Objective To study effects of paraquat on proliferation and viscoelasticity of human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), and to discuss mechanism of MRC-5 damage at initial stage and pulmonary fibrosis later after paraquat intoxication. Methods MRC-5 cells were treated by culture medium with different concentration of paraquat (50, 100, 200 mg/L, respectively) for 12 hours, when the paraquat culture medium was replaced by normal culture medium. At 48th hours, MRC-5 cells were collected, examined and analyzed by flow cytometry for indicating the proliferation, and micropipette aspiration technique was used to investigate viscoelasticity of the cells. Results After treated by paraquat with different concentration, proliferation index (PI) of MRC-5 cells were significantly reduced, as compared with the control group (P0.05). Conclusions MRC-5 cells were damaged at initial stage of paraquat intoxication, with PI and viscoelastic parameters reducing. Decompensated repair after paraquat intoxication is an important reason leading to pulmonary fibrosis, which provides a new thought in clinical treatment.
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Sclera plays an very important role in maintenance of eyeball structure and its functions. The biological and biomechanical properties of sclera is determined by the extra cellular matrix metabolism, the cytokine expression and its own biomechanical properties of scleral fibroblasts. Lots of biological and biomechanical changes in sclera and scleral fibroblasts are the concomitants in the process of myopic development and therapy. The biomechanical studies on sclera and scleral fibroblasts by Mechanics Biology coupling will enable to reveal the physiological function, pathological change and therapeutic mechanism of ocular organ and in this review, such biomechanical studies about sclera and scleral fibroblasts were summarized and discussed.
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Objective To evaluate the biomechanical properties of fibroblasts for rabbit experimental myopia after Posterior Scleral Reinforcement (PSR) treatment, and discuss the mechanism of PSR in myopia treatment as viewed from biomechanics. Method 45 rabbits of three week old were randomly monocular treated by eyelid suture to prepare experimental myopia eye. After 60 days, the experimental myopia eyes were divided into two groups randomly. Group A was treated by PSR. Group B was treated by similar operation without placing reinforce strap. After three months and six month, the fibroblasts from each group were isolated and cultured in vitro respectively. The cultured cells were then determined to be fibroblasts by using immunocyte chemistry method. Micropipette aspiration technique was used to investigate the viscoelastic properties of the fibroblasts from each group with mechanical model of semi infinite somatic cells. ResultsThree months after operation, the viscoelastic properties of the scleral fibroblasts in Group A and Group B exhibit no significant difference (P>0.05) three months and six months as well (P>0.05) after operation with the equilibrium modulus, E∞, and apparent viscosity, μ of the scleral fibroblasts in Group A (E = (361.2± 121.1)Pa、μ=(2928.2±669.4)Pa·s) compared with that in Group B (E =(347.6± 82.1)Pa、μ=(2820.6± 593.5)Pa·s). Neither in Group A nor Group B, the E∞ and μ at different stages after operation have significant difference (P>0.05). The E∞ and μ in transition zone tissues at different stages after operation have no significant difference(P>0.05) either. Conclusions The enhancement of PSR is caused by transition zone tissues and the strip itself.
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Objective To study the effects of mechanical stimulation on proliferation activity and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) expression of sclera fibroblasts. Method The sclera fibroblasts from New Zealand white rabbits were obtained by tissue pieces culture method and identified with immunocytochemistry method, as well as tested by FX 4000 Tension System (sine wave, 3% and 6% elongation amplitude, 0.1Hz, 48h duration). The proliferation activity and concentration of CTGF were measured by ATP based bioluminescence method and ELISA method, respectively. ResultsExperimental studies have shown that the proliferation activity of the scleral fibroblasts in 3% group (2.352±0.123) and 6% group (2.784±0.119) are significantly higher when compared with control group (1.901±0.092) (P<0.05), and the proliferation activity in 6% group is significant higher than that in 3% group (P<0.05); The CTGF expression of 3% group (control group: (0.291±0.118)μg/L, 3% stretch group: (1.623±0.276)μg/L） and 6% group (control group: (0.260±0.112)μg/L, 6% stretch group: (3.205±0.287)μg/L) are both significantly increased compared with each of their respective control groups (P<0.05). Conclusions Mechanical stimulation plays an important role in the proliferation activity and CTGF expression of scleral fibroblasts.